nonperturbative vacuum

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• Feynman diagram — The Wick s expansion of the integrand gives (among others) the following termNarpsi(x)gamma^mupsi(x)arpsi(x )gamma^ upsi(x )underline{A mu(x)A u(x )};,whereunderline{A mu(x)A u(x )}=int{d^4pover(2pi)^4}{ig {mu u}over k^2+i0}e^{ k(x x )}is the… …   Wikipedia

• Loop quantum gravity — Not to be confused with the path integral formulation of LQG, see spin foam. This article is about LQG in its Canonical formulation.. Beyond the Standard Model …   Wikipedia

• Mirror symmetry (string theory) — In physics and mathematics, mirror symmetry is a relation that can exist between two Calabi Yau manifolds. It happens, usually for two such six dimensional manifolds, that the shapes may look very different geometrically, but nevertheless they… …   Wikipedia

• Virtual particle — In physics, a virtual particle is a particle that exists for a limited time and space, introducing uncertainty in their energy and momentum due to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. (Indeed, because energy and momentum in quantum mechanics are …   Wikipedia

• Supersymmetry nonrenormalization theorems — In theoretical physics a nonrenormalization theorem is a limitation on how a certain quantity in the classical description of a quantum field theory may be modified by renormalization in the full quantum theory. Renormalization theorems are… …   Wikipedia

• String theory — This article is about the branch of theoretical physics. For other uses, see String theory (disambiguation). String theory …   Wikipedia

• Wilson loop — In gauge theory, a Wilson loop (named after Kenneth Wilson) is a gauge invariant observable obtained from the holonomy of the gauge connection around a given loop. In the classical theory, the collection of all Wilson loops contains sufficient… …   Wikipedia

• Proton — For other uses, see Proton (disambiguation). This article is about the proton as a subatomic particle. For the aqueous form of the hydrogen ion often encountered in biochemistry, see Hydronium. Proton The quark structure of the proton. (The color …   Wikipedia

• Mikhail Shifman — Mikhail Arkadyevich (Misha) Shifman Born April 4, 1949(1949 04 04) Riga, Latvia Fields Theoretical High Energy Physics …   Wikipedia

• Immirzi parameter — The Immirzi parameter (also known as the Barbero Immirzi parameter) is a numerical coefficient appearing in loop quantum gravity, a nonperturbative theory of quantum gravity. The Immirzi parameter measures the size of the quantum of area in… …   Wikipedia

• Heinz Pagels — Heinz Rudolph Pagels (* 19. Februar 1939 in New York City; † 23. Juli 1988 in Aspen) war ein US amerikanischer Physiker. Leben Pagels studierte an der Princeton University (Bachelor Abschluss) und der Stanford University, wo er 1965 promovierte.… …   Deutsch Wikipedia